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Nuclide half-lives colorcoded Two nuclides are isotones if they have the very same neutron number N , but different proton number Z . For example, boron-12 and carbon-13 nuclei both contain 7 neutrons , and so are isotones. Similarly, 36 S, 37 Cl, 38 Ar, 39 K, and 40 Ca nuclei are all isotones of 20 because they all contain 20 neutrons. Despite its similarity to the Greek for "same stretching", the term was formed by the German physicist K. Guggenheimer [ 1 ] by replacing the "p" in " isotope " with "n" for "neutron". [ 2 ] The largest numbers of observationally stable nuclides exist for isotones 50 (five; 86 Kr, 88 Sr, 89 Y, 90 Zr, 92 Mo) and 82 (six; 138 Ba, 139 La, 140 Ce, 141 Pr, 142 Nd, 144 Sm). Neutron numbers for which there are no stable isotones are 19, 21, 35, 39, 45, 61, 71, 89, 115, 123, and 127 or more. In contrast, the proton numbers for which there are no stable isotopes are 43, 61, and 83 or more. [ ...

Isobars are atoms ( nuclides ) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons . Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons ) but have the same mass number . An example of a series of isobars would be 40 S , 40 Cl , 40 Ar , 40 K , and 40 Ca . The nuclei of these nuclides all contain 40 nucleons; however, they contain varying numbers of protons and neutrons. [ 1 ] The term "isobars" (originally "isobares") for nuclides was suggested by Alfred Walter Stewart in 1918. [ 2 ] It is derived from the Greek word isos , meaning "equal" and baros , meaning "weight" Mass The same mass number does not imply neither the same mass of nuclei , nor equal atomic masses of corresponding nuclides. From the Weizsäcker's formula for the mass of a nucleus where mass number  A equals to the sum of atomic number  Z and number of neutrons  N , and m p , m n , a V , a S , a C , a A are constants, one...

This article is about the atomic variants of chemical elements. For other uses, see Isotope (disambiguation) . Nuclear physics Nucleus   · Nucleons  ( p , n )  · Nuclear force   · Nuclear structure   · Nuclear reaction Nuclear models and stability [show] Nuclides ' classification [hide] Isotopes – equal Z Isobars – equal A Isotones – equal N Isodiaphers – equal N  −  Z       Isomers – equal all the above Mirror nuclei  – Z ↔ N Stable   · Magic   · Even/odd   · Halo Radioactive decay [show] Nuclear fission [show] Capturing processes [show] High energy processes [show] Nucleosynthesis topics [show] Scientists [show] v t e The three naturally-occurring isotopes of hydrogen . The fact that each isotope has one proton makes them all variants of hydrogen : the identity of the isotop...

C++ ( pronounced as cee plus plus , / ˈ s iː p l ʌ s p l ʌ s / ) is a general-purpose programming language . It has imperative , object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It is designed with a bias toward system programming and embedded, resource-constrained and large systems, with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design highlights. [ 3 ] C++ has also been found useful in many other contexts, with key strengths being software infrastructure and resource-constrained applications, [ 3 ] including desktop applications , servers (e.g. e-commerce , web search or SQL servers), performance-critical applications (e.g. telephone switches or space probes ), and entertainment software. [ 4 ] C++ is a compiled language, with implementations of it available on many platforms and provided by various organizations, including the FSF , LLVM , Microsoft and Intel . C++ is standardize...